To cite bifrost in publications, please use the following references, as appropriate. Because bifrost relies on mvMORPH and its penalized-likelihood framework, please also cite the mvMORPH references below.

Berv JS, Probst CM, Claramunt S, Shipley JR, Friedman M, Smith SA, Fouhey DF, Weeks BC (2026). “Rates of passerine body plan evolution in time and space.” Nature Ecology & Evolution. In press.

Berv JS, Fox N, Thorstensen MJ, Lloyd-Laney H, Troyer EM, Rivero-Vega RA, Smith SA, Friedman M, Fouhey DF, Weeks BC (2026). “bifrost: an R package for scalable inference of phylogenetic shifts in multivariate evolutionary dynamics.” bioRxiv. doi:10.64898/2026.04.12.718036, Preprint version 1.

Berv JS, Fox N, Thorstensen MJ, Lloyd-Laney H, Troyer EM, Rivero-Vega RA, Smith SA, Friedman M, Fouhey DF, Weeks BC (2026). Branch-Level Inference Framework for Recognizing Optimal Shifts in Traits. R package version 0.1.4, https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=bifrost.

Clavel J, Escarguel G, Merceron G (2015). “mvmorph: an R package for fitting multivariate evolutionary models to morphometric data.” Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 6(11), 1311-1319. doi:10.1111/2041-210X.12420.

Clavel J, Aristide L, Morlon H (2019). “A Penalized Likelihood Framework for High-Dimensional Phylogenetic Comparative Methods and an Application to New-World Monkeys Brain Evolution.” Systematic Biology, 68(1), 93-116. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syy045.

Corresponding BibTeX entries:

  @Article{,
    title = {Rates of passerine body plan evolution in time and space},
    author = {Jacob S. Berv and Charlotte M. Probst and Santiago
      Claramunt and J. Ryan Shipley and Matt Friedman and Stephen A.
      Smith and David F. Fouhey and Brian C. Weeks},
    year = {2026},
    journal = {Nature Ecology & Evolution},
    note = {In press.},
  }

  @Article{,
    title = {bifrost: an R package for scalable inference of
      phylogenetic shifts in multivariate evolutionary dynamics},
    author = {Jacob S. Berv and Nathan Fox and Matt J. Thorstensen and
      Henry Lloyd-Laney and Emily M. Troyer and Rafael A. Rivero-Vega
      and Stephen A. Smith and Matt Friedman and David F. Fouhey and
      Brian C. Weeks},
    year = {2026},
    journal = {bioRxiv},
    doi = {10.64898/2026.04.12.718036},
    note = {Preprint version 1.},
  }

  @Manual{,
    title = {Branch-Level Inference Framework for Recognizing Optimal
      Shifts in Traits},
    author = {Jacob S. Berv and Nathan Fox and Matt J. Thorstensen and
      Henry Lloyd-Laney and Emily M. Troyer and Rafael A. Rivero-Vega
      and Stephen A. Smith and Matt Friedman and David F. Fouhey and
      Brian C. Weeks},
    year = {2026},
    note = {R package version 0.1.4},
    url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=bifrost},
  }

  @Article{,
    title = {mvmorph: an R package for fitting multivariate
      evolutionary models to morphometric data},
    author = {Julien Clavel and Gilles Escarguel and Gildas Merceron},
    year = {2015},
    journal = {Methods in Ecology and Evolution},
    volume = {6},
    number = {11},
    pages = {1311-1319},
    doi = {10.1111/2041-210X.12420},
  }

  @Article{,
    title = {A Penalized Likelihood Framework for High-Dimensional
      Phylogenetic Comparative Methods and an Application to New-World
      Monkeys Brain Evolution},
    author = {Julien Clavel and Leandro Aristide and Hélène Morlon},
    year = {2019},
    journal = {Systematic Biology},
    volume = {68},
    number = {1},
    pages = {93-116},
    doi = {10.1093/sysbio/syy045},
  }