# **sincFold**

This is the repository for sincFold, a new RNA secondary folding prediction tool based on deep learning.


<p align="center">
<img src="abstract.png" alt="abstract">
</p>


SincFold is a fast and accurate RNA secondary structure prediction method. It is an end-to-end approach that predicts the contact matrix using only the sequence of nucleotides as input. The model is based on a residual neural network that can learn short and long context interactions. Extensive experiments on several benchmark datasets were made, comparing sincFold against classical methods and new models based on deep learning. We demonstrate that sincFold achieves the best performance in comparison with state-of-the-art methods.

A summary of results can be seen in [this notebook](results/summary.ipynb).

## Folding RNA sequences

We have a [web demo](https://sinc.unl.edu.ar/web-demo/sincfold/) ([mirror](https://huggingface.co/spaces/lbugnon/sincFold)) running with the latest version. This server admits one sequence at a time. We provide a model pre-trained with validated RNA datasets. Please follow the next instructions if you want to run the model locally.


## Install

This is a Python package. It is recommended to use virtualenv or conda to create a new environment. To install the package, run:

    pip install sincfold

Alternativelly, you can clone the repository with:

    git clone https://github.com/sinc-lab/sincFold
    cd sincFold/

and install with:

    pip install .

on Windows, you will probably need to add the python scripts folder to the PATH. 

## Predicting sequences

To predict the secondary structure of a sequence using the pretrained weights:
    
    sincFold pred AACCGGGUCAGGUCCGGAAGGAAGCAGCCCUAA

This will display the predicted dot-bracket in the console. 

SincFold also supports files with multiple sequences in .csv and .fasta format as inputs, and providing .csv or .ct format outputs.

    echo -e ">seq1\\nAACCGGGUCAGGUCCGGAAGGAAGCAGCCCUAA" > sample.fasta
    echo -e ">seq2\\nGUAGUCGUGGCCGAGUGGUUAAGGCGAUGGACUAGAAAUCCAUUGGGGUCUCCCCGCGCAGGUUCGAAUCCUGCCGACUACGCCA" >> sample.fasta

    sincFold pred sample.fasta -o pred_ct_files/

We also provide [this notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/github/sinc-lab/sincFold/blob/main/demo.ipynb) to run the sincFold functions.

## Training and testing models

A new model can be trained using the `train` option. For example, download this training set:

    wget "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sinc-lab/sincFold/main/sample/train.csv"

and then run sincFold with: 
    
    sincFold -d cuda train train.csv -n 10 -o output_path

The option "-d cuda" requires a GPU (otherwise remove it), and -n limits the maximum number of epochs to get a quick result. The output log and trained model will be saved in the directory `output_path`. 

Then, a different test set can be evaluated with the `test` option. You can download this sample file form:    
 
    wget "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sinc-lab/sincFold/main/sample/test.csv"

and test the model with:

    sincFold test test.csv -w output_path/weights.pmt

The model path (-w) is optional, if omitted the pretrained weights are used.


## Reproducible research

You can run prepare train and test partitions using the following code (in this case set up ArchiveII and fold 0 data partition). The "data/" folder can be found in this repository.

```python
import os 
import pandas as pd 

out_path = f"working_path/"
os.mkdir(out_path)

# read dataset and predefined partitions (the files are available in this repository)
dataset = pd.read_csv("data/ArchiveII.csv", index_col="id")
partitions = pd.read_csv("data/ArchiveII_splits.csv")

dataset.loc[partitions[(partitions.fold_number==0) & (partitions.partition=="train")].id].to_csv(out_path + "train.csv")
dataset.loc[partitions[(partitions.fold_number==0) & (partitions.partition=="valid")].id].to_csv(out_path + "valid.csv")
dataset.loc[partitions[(partitions.fold_number==0) & (partitions.partition=="test")].id].to_csv(out_path + "test.csv")
```

then call the training and testing functions

    sincFold -d cuda train working_path/train.csv --valid-file working_path/valid.csv -o working_path/output/

    sincFold -d cuda test working_path/test.csv -w working_path/output/weights.pmt

Using a GPU for training is recommended (with the option '-d cuda'). The complete process may take several hours using a GPU.

```bibtex
@article{sincFold2023,
  title={sincFold: end-to-end learning of short- and long-range interactions for RNA folding},
  author={Leandro A. Bugnon and Leandro Di Persia and Matias Gerard and Jonathan Raad and 
  Santiago Prochetto and Emilio Fenoy and Uciel Chorostecki and Federico Ariel and 
  Georgina Stegmayer and Diego H. Milone},
  journal={under review, bioRxiv},
  url={https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.10.561771v1}
  year={2023}
}
```
