Edit on GitHub

sqlglot.dialects.snowflake

  1from __future__ import annotations
  2
  3import typing as t
  4
  5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
  6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
  7    Dialect,
  8    NormalizationStrategy,
  9    binary_from_function,
 10    date_delta_sql,
 11    date_trunc_to_time,
 12    datestrtodate_sql,
 13    format_time_lambda,
 14    if_sql,
 15    inline_array_sql,
 16    max_or_greatest,
 17    min_or_least,
 18    rename_func,
 19    timestamptrunc_sql,
 20    timestrtotime_sql,
 21    var_map_sql,
 22)
 23from sqlglot.expressions import Literal
 24from sqlglot.helper import is_int, seq_get
 25from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
 26
 27if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
 28    from sqlglot._typing import E
 29
 30
 31# from https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_timestamp.html
 32def _parse_to_timestamp(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StrToTime, exp.UnixToTime, exp.TimeStrToTime]:
 33    if len(args) == 2:
 34        first_arg, second_arg = args
 35        if second_arg.is_string:
 36            # case: <string_expr> [ , <format> ]
 37            return format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake")(args)
 38        return exp.UnixToTime(this=first_arg, scale=second_arg)
 39
 40    from sqlglot.optimizer.simplify import simplify_literals
 41
 42    # The first argument might be an expression like 40 * 365 * 86400, so we try to
 43    # reduce it using `simplify_literals` first and then check if it's a Literal.
 44    first_arg = seq_get(args, 0)
 45    if not isinstance(simplify_literals(first_arg, root=True), Literal):
 46        # case: <variant_expr> or other expressions such as columns
 47        return exp.TimeStrToTime.from_arg_list(args)
 48
 49    if first_arg.is_string:
 50        if is_int(first_arg.this):
 51            # case: <integer>
 52            return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
 53
 54        # case: <date_expr>
 55        return format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake", default=True)(args)
 56
 57    # case: <numeric_expr>
 58    return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
 59
 60
 61def _parse_object_construct(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StarMap, exp.Struct]:
 62    expression = parser.parse_var_map(args)
 63
 64    if isinstance(expression, exp.StarMap):
 65        return expression
 66
 67    return exp.Struct(
 68        expressions=[
 69            t.cast(exp.Condition, k).eq(v) for k, v in zip(expression.keys, expression.values)
 70        ]
 71    )
 72
 73
 74def _parse_datediff(args: t.List) -> exp.DateDiff:
 75    return exp.DateDiff(
 76        this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0))
 77    )
 78
 79
 80# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
 81# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
 82def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
 83    this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
 84
 85    if not this:
 86        return None
 87
 88    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
 89    expression = self._parse_bitwise()
 90    this = _map_date_part(this)
 91    name = this.name.upper()
 92
 93    if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
 94        if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
 95            scale = 10**3
 96        elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
 97            scale = 10**6
 98        elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
 99            scale = 10**9
100        else:
101            scale = None
102
103        ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
104        to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
105
106        if scale:
107            to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
108
109        return to_unix
110
111    return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
112
113
114# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/div0
115def _div0_to_if(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
116    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
117    true = exp.Literal.number(0)
118    false = exp.Div(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1))
119    return exp.If(this=cond, true=true, false=false)
120
121
122# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
123def _zeroifnull_to_if(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
124    cond = exp.Is(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Null())
125    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Literal.number(0), false=seq_get(args, 0))
126
127
128# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
129def _nullifzero_to_if(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
130    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
131    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Null(), false=seq_get(args, 0))
132
133
134def _datatype_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
135    if expression.is_type("array"):
136        return "ARRAY"
137    elif expression.is_type("map"):
138        return "OBJECT"
139    return self.datatype_sql(expression)
140
141
142def _regexpilike_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.RegexpILike) -> str:
143    flag = expression.text("flag")
144
145    if "i" not in flag:
146        flag += "i"
147
148    return self.func(
149        "REGEXP_LIKE", expression.this, expression.expression, exp.Literal.string(flag)
150    )
151
152
153def _parse_convert_timezone(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.Anonymous, exp.AtTimeZone]:
154    if len(args) == 3:
155        return exp.Anonymous(this="CONVERT_TIMEZONE", expressions=args)
156    return exp.AtTimeZone(this=seq_get(args, 1), zone=seq_get(args, 0))
157
158
159def _parse_regexp_replace(args: t.List) -> exp.RegexpReplace:
160    regexp_replace = exp.RegexpReplace.from_arg_list(args)
161
162    if not regexp_replace.args.get("replacement"):
163        regexp_replace.set("replacement", exp.Literal.string(""))
164
165    return regexp_replace
166
167
168def _show_parser(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[Snowflake.Parser], exp.Show]:
169    def _parse(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> exp.Show:
170        return self._parse_show_snowflake(*args, **kwargs)
171
172    return _parse
173
174
175DATE_PART_MAPPING = {
176    "Y": "YEAR",
177    "YY": "YEAR",
178    "YYY": "YEAR",
179    "YYYY": "YEAR",
180    "YR": "YEAR",
181    "YEARS": "YEAR",
182    "YRS": "YEAR",
183    "MM": "MONTH",
184    "MON": "MONTH",
185    "MONS": "MONTH",
186    "MONTHS": "MONTH",
187    "D": "DAY",
188    "DD": "DAY",
189    "DAYS": "DAY",
190    "DAYOFMONTH": "DAY",
191    "WEEKDAY": "DAYOFWEEK",
192    "DOW": "DAYOFWEEK",
193    "DW": "DAYOFWEEK",
194    "WEEKDAY_ISO": "DAYOFWEEKISO",
195    "DOW_ISO": "DAYOFWEEKISO",
196    "DW_ISO": "DAYOFWEEKISO",
197    "YEARDAY": "DAYOFYEAR",
198    "DOY": "DAYOFYEAR",
199    "DY": "DAYOFYEAR",
200    "W": "WEEK",
201    "WK": "WEEK",
202    "WEEKOFYEAR": "WEEK",
203    "WOY": "WEEK",
204    "WY": "WEEK",
205    "WEEK_ISO": "WEEKISO",
206    "WEEKOFYEARISO": "WEEKISO",
207    "WEEKOFYEAR_ISO": "WEEKISO",
208    "Q": "QUARTER",
209    "QTR": "QUARTER",
210    "QTRS": "QUARTER",
211    "QUARTERS": "QUARTER",
212    "H": "HOUR",
213    "HH": "HOUR",
214    "HR": "HOUR",
215    "HOURS": "HOUR",
216    "HRS": "HOUR",
217    "M": "MINUTE",
218    "MI": "MINUTE",
219    "MIN": "MINUTE",
220    "MINUTES": "MINUTE",
221    "MINS": "MINUTE",
222    "S": "SECOND",
223    "SEC": "SECOND",
224    "SECONDS": "SECOND",
225    "SECS": "SECOND",
226    "MS": "MILLISECOND",
227    "MSEC": "MILLISECOND",
228    "MILLISECONDS": "MILLISECOND",
229    "US": "MICROSECOND",
230    "USEC": "MICROSECOND",
231    "MICROSECONDS": "MICROSECOND",
232    "NS": "NANOSECOND",
233    "NSEC": "NANOSECOND",
234    "NANOSEC": "NANOSECOND",
235    "NSECOND": "NANOSECOND",
236    "NSECONDS": "NANOSECOND",
237    "NANOSECS": "NANOSECOND",
238    "EPOCH": "EPOCH_SECOND",
239    "EPOCH_SECONDS": "EPOCH_SECOND",
240    "EPOCH_MILLISECONDS": "EPOCH_MILLISECOND",
241    "EPOCH_MICROSECONDS": "EPOCH_MICROSECOND",
242    "EPOCH_NANOSECONDS": "EPOCH_NANOSECOND",
243    "TZH": "TIMEZONE_HOUR",
244    "TZM": "TIMEZONE_MINUTE",
245}
246
247
248@t.overload
249def _map_date_part(part: exp.Expression) -> exp.Var:
250    pass
251
252
253@t.overload
254def _map_date_part(part: t.Optional[exp.Expression]) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
255    pass
256
257
258def _map_date_part(part):
259    mapped = DATE_PART_MAPPING.get(part.name.upper()) if part else None
260    return exp.var(mapped) if mapped else part
261
262
263def _date_trunc_to_time(args: t.List) -> exp.DateTrunc | exp.TimestampTrunc:
264    trunc = date_trunc_to_time(args)
265    trunc.set("unit", _map_date_part(trunc.args["unit"]))
266    return trunc
267
268
269def _parse_colon_get_path(
270    self: parser.Parser, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression]
271) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
272    while True:
273        path = self._parse_bitwise()
274
275        # The cast :: operator has a lower precedence than the extraction operator :, so
276        # we rearrange the AST appropriately to avoid casting the 2nd argument of GET_PATH
277        if isinstance(path, exp.Cast):
278            target_type = path.to
279            path = path.this
280        else:
281            target_type = None
282
283        if isinstance(path, exp.Expression):
284            path = exp.Literal.string(path.sql(dialect="snowflake"))
285
286        # The extraction operator : is left-associative
287        this = self.expression(
288            exp.JSONExtract, this=this, expression=self.dialect.to_json_path(path)
289        )
290
291        if target_type:
292            this = exp.cast(this, target_type)
293
294        if not self._match(TokenType.COLON):
295            break
296
297    return self._parse_range(this)
298
299
300def _parse_timestamp_from_parts(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
301    if len(args) == 2:
302        # Other dialects don't have the TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS(date, time) concept,
303        # so we parse this into Anonymous for now instead of introducing complexity
304        return exp.Anonymous(this="TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS", expressions=args)
305
306    return exp.TimestampFromParts.from_arg_list(args)
307
308
309def _unqualify_unpivot_columns(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
310    """
311    Snowflake doesn't allow columns referenced in UNPIVOT to be qualified,
312    so we need to unqualify them.
313
314    Example:
315        >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
316        >>> expr = parse_one("SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (m_sales.jan, feb, mar, april))")
317        >>> print(_unqualify_unpivot_columns(expr).sql(dialect="snowflake"))
318        SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (jan, feb, mar, april))
319    """
320    if isinstance(expression, exp.Pivot) and expression.unpivot:
321        expression = transforms.unqualify_columns(expression)
322
323    return expression
324
325
326class Snowflake(Dialect):
327    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
328    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
329    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
330    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
331    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
332    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
333    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
334    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
335
336    TIME_MAPPING = {
337        "YYYY": "%Y",
338        "yyyy": "%Y",
339        "YY": "%y",
340        "yy": "%y",
341        "MMMM": "%B",
342        "mmmm": "%B",
343        "MON": "%b",
344        "mon": "%b",
345        "MM": "%m",
346        "mm": "%m",
347        "DD": "%d",
348        "dd": "%-d",
349        "DY": "%a",
350        "dy": "%w",
351        "HH24": "%H",
352        "hh24": "%H",
353        "HH12": "%I",
354        "hh12": "%I",
355        "MI": "%M",
356        "mi": "%M",
357        "SS": "%S",
358        "ss": "%S",
359        "FF": "%f",
360        "ff": "%f",
361        "FF6": "%f",
362        "ff6": "%f",
363    }
364
365    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
366        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
367        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
368        if (
369            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
370            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
371            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
372        ):
373            return expression  # type: ignore
374
375        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
376
377    class Parser(parser.Parser):
378        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
379
380        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
381
382        FUNCTIONS = {
383            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
384            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
385            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
386            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
387                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
388            ),
389            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
390                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
391                start=seq_get(args, 0),
392                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
393                step=seq_get(args, 2),
394            ),
395            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
396            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
397            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
398            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
399            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _parse_convert_timezone,
400            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
401            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
402                this=seq_get(args, 2),
403                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
404                unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0)),
405            ),
406            "DATEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
407            "DIV0": _div0_to_if,
408            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
409            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
410                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
411            ),
412            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
413            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
414                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
415            ),
416            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
417            "NULLIFZERO": _nullifzero_to_if,
418            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _parse_object_construct,
419            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _parse_regexp_replace,
420            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
421            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
422            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
423            "TIMEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
424            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _parse_datediff,
425            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": _parse_timestamp_from_parts,
426            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": _parse_timestamp_from_parts,
427            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _parse_to_timestamp,
428            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
429            "ZEROIFNULL": _zeroifnull_to_if,
430        }
431
432        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
433            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
434            "DATE_PART": _parse_date_part,
435            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
436        }
437        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
438
439        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
440
441        RANGE_PARSERS = {
442            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
443            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
444            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
445            TokenType.COLON: _parse_colon_get_path,
446        }
447
448        ALTER_PARSERS = {
449            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
450            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_set(tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG")),
451            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
452                exp.Set,
453                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
454                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
455                unset=True,
456            ),
457            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
458        }
459
460        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
461            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
462            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
463        }
464
465        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
466            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
467            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location(),
468        }
469
470        SHOW_PARSERS = {
471            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
472            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
473            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
474            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
475            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
476            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
477            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
478            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
479            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
480        }
481
482        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
483            TokenType.DOT,
484            TokenType.MOD,
485            TokenType.SLASH,
486        }
487
488        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
489
490        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
491            if is_map:
492                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
493                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
494                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
495                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
496
497            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_conjunction(), explicit=True))
498
499        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
500            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
501            if not lateral:
502                return lateral
503
504            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
505                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
506                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
507                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
508                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
509                elif not table_alias:
510                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
511
512            return lateral
513
514        def _parse_at_before(self, table: exp.Table) -> exp.Table:
515            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
516            index = self._index
517            if self._match_texts(("AT", "BEFORE")):
518                this = self._prev.text.upper()
519                kind = (
520                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
521                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
522                    and self._prev.text.upper()
523                )
524                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
525
526                if expression:
527                    self._match_r_paren()
528                    when = self.expression(
529                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
530                    )
531                    table.set("when", when)
532                else:
533                    self._retreat(index)
534
535            return table
536
537        def _parse_table_parts(
538            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False
539        ) -> exp.Table:
540            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
541            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
542                table = self._parse_string()
543            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
544                table = self._parse_location_path()
545            else:
546                table = None
547
548            if table:
549                file_format = None
550                pattern = None
551
552                self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
553                while self._curr and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
554                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
555                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
556                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
557                        )
558                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
559                        pattern = self._parse_string()
560                    else:
561                        break
562
563                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
564
565                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
566            else:
567                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
568
569            return self._parse_at_before(table)
570
571        def _parse_id_var(
572            self,
573            any_token: bool = True,
574            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
575        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
576            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
577                identifier = (
578                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
579                    or self._parse_string()
580                )
581                self._match_r_paren()
582                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
583
584            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
585
586        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
587            scope = None
588            scope_kind = None
589
590            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
591            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
592            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
593
594            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
595
596            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
597
598            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
599                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
600                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
601                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
602                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
603                    if self._curr:
604                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
605                elif self._curr:
606                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in ("OBJECTS", "TABLES") else "TABLE"
607                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
608
609            return self.expression(
610                exp.Show,
611                **{
612                    "terse": terse,
613                    "this": this,
614                    "history": history,
615                    "like": like,
616                    "scope": scope,
617                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
618                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
619                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
620                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
621                },
622            )
623
624        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
625            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
626            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
627
628        def _parse_location(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
629            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
630            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
631
632        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
633            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
634
635            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
636            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator.
637            while self._is_connected() and not self._match(TokenType.COMMA, advance=False):
638                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
639
640            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
641
642    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
643        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
644        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
645        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
646        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
647
648        KEYWORDS = {
649            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
650            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
651            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
652            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
653            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
654            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
655            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
656            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
657            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
658            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
659            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
660            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
661            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
662            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
663            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
664            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
665            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
666            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
667            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
668            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
669            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
670            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
671        }
672
673        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
674            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
675            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
676        }
677
678        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
679
680        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
681
682    class Generator(generator.Generator):
683        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
684        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
685        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
686        JOIN_HINTS = False
687        TABLE_HINTS = False
688        QUERY_HINTS = False
689        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
690        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
691        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
692        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
693        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
694        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
695
696        TRANSFORMS = {
697            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
698            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
699            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
700            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
701            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
702            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
703            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
704            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
705                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
706            ),
707            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
708            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
709            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
710            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
711            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
712            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
713            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
714            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
715            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
716            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
717            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
718                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
719            ),
720            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
721                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
722            ),
723            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
724            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
725            exp.JSONExtract: rename_func("GET_PATH"),
726            exp.JSONExtractScalar: rename_func("JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT"),
727            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
728            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
729            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
730            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
731            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
732            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
733            exp.Min: min_or_least,
734            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
735            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
736                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
737            ),
738            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
739                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
740            ),
741            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
742            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
743            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
744            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
745                [
746                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
747                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
748                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
749                ]
750            ),
751            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
752            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
753            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
754            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
755                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
756            ),
757            exp.StrToTime: lambda self,
758            e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
759            exp.Struct: lambda self, e: self.func(
760                "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT",
761                *(arg for expression in e.expressions for arg in expression.flatten()),
762            ),
763            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
764            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
765                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
766            ),
767            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
768            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
769            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
770                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, "timestamp"), self.format_time(e)
771            ),
772            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
773            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
774            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
775            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
776            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
777            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
778            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
779            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
780            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
781            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
782        }
783
784        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
785            exp.JSONPathKey,
786            exp.JSONPathRoot,
787            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
788        }
789
790        TYPE_MAPPING = {
791            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
792            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
793        }
794
795        STAR_MAPPING = {
796            "except": "EXCLUDE",
797            "replace": "RENAME",
798        }
799
800        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
801            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
802            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
803            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
804        }
805
806        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
807            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
808            if milli is not None:
809                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
810                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
811
812            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
813
814        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
815            value = expression.this
816
817            if value.type is None:
818                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
819
820                value = annotate_types(value)
821
822            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
823                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
824
825            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
826            return self.cast_sql(expression)
827
828        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
829            if not expression.expression:
830                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
831
832            return super().log_sql(expression)
833
834        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
835            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
836            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
837
838            columns = [
839                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
840                exp.to_identifier("key"),
841                exp.to_identifier("path"),
842                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
843                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
844                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
845                exp.to_identifier("this"),
846            ]
847
848            if unnest_alias:
849                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
850            else:
851                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
852
853            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
854            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
855            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
856            return f"{explode}{alias}"
857
858        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
859            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
860            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
861            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
862            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
863
864            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
865            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
866
867            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
868            if scope_kind:
869                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
870
871            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
872            if starts_with:
873                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
874
875            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
876
877            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
878            if from_:
879                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
880
881            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
882
883        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
884            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
885            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
886            group = expression.args.get("group")
887            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
888            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
889            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
890
891            return self.func(
892                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
893                expression.this,
894                expression.expression,
895                position,
896                occurrence,
897                parameters,
898                group,
899            )
900
901        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
902            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
903                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
904            return super().except_op(expression)
905
906        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
907            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
908                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
909            return super().intersect_op(expression)
910
911        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
912            # Default to table if kind is unknown
913            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
914            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
915            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
916            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
917            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
918            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
919
920        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
921            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
922        ) -> str:
923            start = expression.args.get("start")
924            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
925            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
926            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
927            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
928
929        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
930            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
931            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
932
933        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
934            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")
935
936        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
937            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
DATE_PART_MAPPING = {'Y': 'YEAR', 'YY': 'YEAR', 'YYY': 'YEAR', 'YYYY': 'YEAR', 'YR': 'YEAR', 'YEARS': 'YEAR', 'YRS': 'YEAR', 'MM': 'MONTH', 'MON': 'MONTH', 'MONS': 'MONTH', 'MONTHS': 'MONTH', 'D': 'DAY', 'DD': 'DAY', 'DAYS': 'DAY', 'DAYOFMONTH': 'DAY', 'WEEKDAY': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'DOW': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'DW': 'DAYOFWEEK', 'WEEKDAY_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DOW_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'DW_ISO': 'DAYOFWEEKISO', 'YEARDAY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'DOY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'DY': 'DAYOFYEAR', 'W': 'WEEK', 'WK': 'WEEK', 'WEEKOFYEAR': 'WEEK', 'WOY': 'WEEK', 'WY': 'WEEK', 'WEEK_ISO': 'WEEKISO', 'WEEKOFYEARISO': 'WEEKISO', 'WEEKOFYEAR_ISO': 'WEEKISO', 'Q': 'QUARTER', 'QTR': 'QUARTER', 'QTRS': 'QUARTER', 'QUARTERS': 'QUARTER', 'H': 'HOUR', 'HH': 'HOUR', 'HR': 'HOUR', 'HOURS': 'HOUR', 'HRS': 'HOUR', 'M': 'MINUTE', 'MI': 'MINUTE', 'MIN': 'MINUTE', 'MINUTES': 'MINUTE', 'MINS': 'MINUTE', 'S': 'SECOND', 'SEC': 'SECOND', 'SECONDS': 'SECOND', 'SECS': 'SECOND', 'MS': 'MILLISECOND', 'MSEC': 'MILLISECOND', 'MILLISECONDS': 'MILLISECOND', 'US': 'MICROSECOND', 'USEC': 'MICROSECOND', 'MICROSECONDS': 'MICROSECOND', 'NS': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSEC': 'NANOSECOND', 'NANOSEC': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSECOND': 'NANOSECOND', 'NSECONDS': 'NANOSECOND', 'NANOSECS': 'NANOSECOND', 'EPOCH': 'EPOCH_SECOND', 'EPOCH_SECONDS': 'EPOCH_SECOND', 'EPOCH_MILLISECONDS': 'EPOCH_MILLISECOND', 'EPOCH_MICROSECONDS': 'EPOCH_MICROSECOND', 'EPOCH_NANOSECONDS': 'EPOCH_NANOSECOND', 'TZH': 'TIMEZONE_HOUR', 'TZM': 'TIMEZONE_MINUTE'}
class Snowflake(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect):
327class Snowflake(Dialect):
328    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
329    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
330    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
331    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
332    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
333    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
334    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
335    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
336
337    TIME_MAPPING = {
338        "YYYY": "%Y",
339        "yyyy": "%Y",
340        "YY": "%y",
341        "yy": "%y",
342        "MMMM": "%B",
343        "mmmm": "%B",
344        "MON": "%b",
345        "mon": "%b",
346        "MM": "%m",
347        "mm": "%m",
348        "DD": "%d",
349        "dd": "%-d",
350        "DY": "%a",
351        "dy": "%w",
352        "HH24": "%H",
353        "hh24": "%H",
354        "HH12": "%I",
355        "hh12": "%I",
356        "MI": "%M",
357        "mi": "%M",
358        "SS": "%S",
359        "ss": "%S",
360        "FF": "%f",
361        "ff": "%f",
362        "FF6": "%f",
363        "ff6": "%f",
364    }
365
366    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
367        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
368        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
369        if (
370            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
371            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
372            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
373        ):
374            return expression  # type: ignore
375
376        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
377
378    class Parser(parser.Parser):
379        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
380
381        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
382
383        FUNCTIONS = {
384            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
385            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
386            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
387            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
388                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
389            ),
390            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
391                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
392                start=seq_get(args, 0),
393                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
394                step=seq_get(args, 2),
395            ),
396            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
397            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
398            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
399            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
400            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _parse_convert_timezone,
401            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
402            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
403                this=seq_get(args, 2),
404                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
405                unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0)),
406            ),
407            "DATEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
408            "DIV0": _div0_to_if,
409            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
410            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
411                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
412            ),
413            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
414            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
415                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
416            ),
417            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
418            "NULLIFZERO": _nullifzero_to_if,
419            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _parse_object_construct,
420            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _parse_regexp_replace,
421            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
422            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
423            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
424            "TIMEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
425            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _parse_datediff,
426            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": _parse_timestamp_from_parts,
427            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": _parse_timestamp_from_parts,
428            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _parse_to_timestamp,
429            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
430            "ZEROIFNULL": _zeroifnull_to_if,
431        }
432
433        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
434            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
435            "DATE_PART": _parse_date_part,
436            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
437        }
438        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
439
440        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
441
442        RANGE_PARSERS = {
443            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
444            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
445            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
446            TokenType.COLON: _parse_colon_get_path,
447        }
448
449        ALTER_PARSERS = {
450            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
451            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_set(tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG")),
452            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
453                exp.Set,
454                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
455                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
456                unset=True,
457            ),
458            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
459        }
460
461        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
462            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
463            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
464        }
465
466        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
467            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
468            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location(),
469        }
470
471        SHOW_PARSERS = {
472            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
473            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
474            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
475            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
476            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
477            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
478            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
479            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
480            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
481        }
482
483        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
484            TokenType.DOT,
485            TokenType.MOD,
486            TokenType.SLASH,
487        }
488
489        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
490
491        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
492            if is_map:
493                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
494                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
495                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
496                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
497
498            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_conjunction(), explicit=True))
499
500        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
501            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
502            if not lateral:
503                return lateral
504
505            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
506                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
507                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
508                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
509                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
510                elif not table_alias:
511                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
512
513            return lateral
514
515        def _parse_at_before(self, table: exp.Table) -> exp.Table:
516            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
517            index = self._index
518            if self._match_texts(("AT", "BEFORE")):
519                this = self._prev.text.upper()
520                kind = (
521                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
522                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
523                    and self._prev.text.upper()
524                )
525                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
526
527                if expression:
528                    self._match_r_paren()
529                    when = self.expression(
530                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
531                    )
532                    table.set("when", when)
533                else:
534                    self._retreat(index)
535
536            return table
537
538        def _parse_table_parts(
539            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False
540        ) -> exp.Table:
541            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
542            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
543                table = self._parse_string()
544            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
545                table = self._parse_location_path()
546            else:
547                table = None
548
549            if table:
550                file_format = None
551                pattern = None
552
553                self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
554                while self._curr and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
555                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
556                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
557                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
558                        )
559                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
560                        pattern = self._parse_string()
561                    else:
562                        break
563
564                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
565
566                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
567            else:
568                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
569
570            return self._parse_at_before(table)
571
572        def _parse_id_var(
573            self,
574            any_token: bool = True,
575            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
576        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
577            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
578                identifier = (
579                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
580                    or self._parse_string()
581                )
582                self._match_r_paren()
583                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
584
585            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
586
587        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
588            scope = None
589            scope_kind = None
590
591            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
592            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
593            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
594
595            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
596
597            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
598
599            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
600                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
601                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
602                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
603                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
604                    if self._curr:
605                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
606                elif self._curr:
607                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in ("OBJECTS", "TABLES") else "TABLE"
608                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
609
610            return self.expression(
611                exp.Show,
612                **{
613                    "terse": terse,
614                    "this": this,
615                    "history": history,
616                    "like": like,
617                    "scope": scope,
618                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
619                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
620                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
621                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
622                },
623            )
624
625        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
626            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
627            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
628
629        def _parse_location(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
630            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
631            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
632
633        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
634            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
635
636            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
637            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator.
638            while self._is_connected() and not self._match(TokenType.COMMA, advance=False):
639                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
640
641            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))
642
643    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
644        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
645        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
646        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
647        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
648
649        KEYWORDS = {
650            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
651            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
652            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
653            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
654            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
655            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
656            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
657            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
658            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
659            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
660            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
661            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
662            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
663            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
664            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
665            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
666            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
667            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
668            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
669            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
670            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
671            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
672        }
673
674        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
675            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
676            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
677        }
678
679        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
680
681        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
682
683    class Generator(generator.Generator):
684        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
685        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
686        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
687        JOIN_HINTS = False
688        TABLE_HINTS = False
689        QUERY_HINTS = False
690        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
691        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
692        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
693        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
694        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
695        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
696
697        TRANSFORMS = {
698            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
699            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
700            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
701            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
702            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
703            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
704            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
705            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
706                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
707            ),
708            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
709            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
710            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
711            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
712            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
713            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
714            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
715            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
716            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
717            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
718            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
719                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
720            ),
721            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
722                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
723            ),
724            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
725            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
726            exp.JSONExtract: rename_func("GET_PATH"),
727            exp.JSONExtractScalar: rename_func("JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT"),
728            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
729            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
730            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
731            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
732            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
733            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
734            exp.Min: min_or_least,
735            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
736            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
737                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
738            ),
739            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
740                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
741            ),
742            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
743            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
744            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
745            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
746                [
747                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
748                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
749                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
750                ]
751            ),
752            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
753            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
754            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
755            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
756                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
757            ),
758            exp.StrToTime: lambda self,
759            e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
760            exp.Struct: lambda self, e: self.func(
761                "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT",
762                *(arg for expression in e.expressions for arg in expression.flatten()),
763            ),
764            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
765            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
766                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
767            ),
768            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
769            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
770            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
771                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, "timestamp"), self.format_time(e)
772            ),
773            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
774            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
775            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
776            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
777            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
778            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
779            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
780            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
781            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
782            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
783        }
784
785        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
786            exp.JSONPathKey,
787            exp.JSONPathRoot,
788            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
789        }
790
791        TYPE_MAPPING = {
792            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
793            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
794        }
795
796        STAR_MAPPING = {
797            "except": "EXCLUDE",
798            "replace": "RENAME",
799        }
800
801        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
802            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
803            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
804            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
805        }
806
807        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
808            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
809            if milli is not None:
810                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
811                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
812
813            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
814
815        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
816            value = expression.this
817
818            if value.type is None:
819                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
820
821                value = annotate_types(value)
822
823            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
824                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
825
826            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
827            return self.cast_sql(expression)
828
829        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
830            if not expression.expression:
831                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
832
833            return super().log_sql(expression)
834
835        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
836            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
837            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
838
839            columns = [
840                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
841                exp.to_identifier("key"),
842                exp.to_identifier("path"),
843                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
844                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
845                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
846                exp.to_identifier("this"),
847            ]
848
849            if unnest_alias:
850                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
851            else:
852                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
853
854            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
855            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
856            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
857            return f"{explode}{alias}"
858
859        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
860            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
861            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
862            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
863            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
864
865            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
866            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
867
868            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
869            if scope_kind:
870                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
871
872            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
873            if starts_with:
874                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
875
876            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
877
878            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
879            if from_:
880                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
881
882            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
883
884        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
885            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
886            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
887            group = expression.args.get("group")
888            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
889            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
890            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
891
892            return self.func(
893                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
894                expression.this,
895                expression.expression,
896                position,
897                occurrence,
898                parameters,
899                group,
900            )
901
902        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
903            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
904                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
905            return super().except_op(expression)
906
907        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
908            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
909                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
910            return super().intersect_op(expression)
911
912        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
913            # Default to table if kind is unknown
914            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
915            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
916            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
917            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
918            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
919            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
920
921        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
922            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
923        ) -> str:
924            start = expression.args.get("start")
925            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
926            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
927            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
928            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
929
930        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
931            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
932            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
933
934        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
935            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")
936
937        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
938            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE: 'UPPERCASE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_large'

Indicates the default NULL ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: "nulls_are_small", "nulls_are_large", "nulls_are_last"

TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Determines whether or not user-defined data types are supported.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Determines whether or not SEMI or ANTI joins are supported.

PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True

Some dialects, such as Snowflake, allow you to reference a CTE column alias in the HAVING clause of the CTE. This flag will cause the CTE alias columns to override any projection aliases in the subquery.

For example, WITH y(c) AS ( SELECT SUM(a) FROM (SELECT 1 a) AS x HAVING c > 0 ) SELECT c FROM y;

will be rewritten as

WITH y(c) AS (
    SELECT SUM(a) AS c FROM (SELECT 1 AS a) AS x HAVING c > 0
) SELECT c FROM y;
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Determines whether or not a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'mmmm': '%B', 'MON': '%b', 'mon': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'mm': '%m', 'DD': '%d', 'dd': '%-d', 'DY': '%a', 'dy': '%w', 'HH24': '%H', 'hh24': '%H', 'HH12': '%I', 'hh12': '%I', 'MI': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 'FF': '%f', 'ff': '%f', 'FF6': '%f', 'ff6': '%f'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime format.

def quote_identifier(self, expression: ~E, identify: bool = True) -> ~E:
366    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
367        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
368        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
369        if (
370            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
371            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
372            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
373        ):
374            return expression  # type: ignore
375
376        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)

Adds quotes to a given identifier.

Arguments:
  • expression: The expression of interest. If it's not an Identifier, this method is a no-op.
  • identify: If set to False, the quotes will only be added if the identifier is deemed "unsafe", with respect to its characters and this dialect's normalization strategy.
tokenizer_class = <class 'Snowflake.Tokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Snowflake.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Snowflake.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {0: True, '6': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'mmmm', '%b': 'mon', '%m': 'mm', '%d': 'DD', '%-d': 'dd', '%a': 'DY', '%w': 'dy', '%H': 'hh24', '%I': 'hh12', '%M': 'mi', '%S': 'ss', '%f': 'ff6'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, '-': {'d': {0: True}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_ESCAPE_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = "x'"
HEX_END: Optional[str] = "'"
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None
class Snowflake.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser):
378    class Parser(parser.Parser):
379        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
380
381        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
382
383        FUNCTIONS = {
384            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
385            "ARRAYAGG": exp.ArrayAgg.from_arg_list,
386            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": exp.Array.from_arg_list,
387            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
388                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
389            ),
390            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
391                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
392                start=seq_get(args, 0),
393                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
394                step=seq_get(args, 2),
395            ),
396            "ARRAY_TO_STRING": exp.ArrayJoin.from_arg_list,
397            "BITXOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
398            "BIT_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
399            "BOOLXOR": binary_from_function(exp.Xor),
400            "CONVERT_TIMEZONE": _parse_convert_timezone,
401            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
402            "DATEADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
403                this=seq_get(args, 2),
404                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
405                unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0)),
406            ),
407            "DATEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
408            "DIV0": _div0_to_if,
409            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
410            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
411                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
412            ),
413            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
414            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
415                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=_map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
416            ),
417            "LISTAGG": exp.GroupConcat.from_arg_list,
418            "NULLIFZERO": _nullifzero_to_if,
419            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _parse_object_construct,
420            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _parse_regexp_replace,
421            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": exp.RegexpExtract.from_arg_list,
422            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
423            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
424            "TIMEDIFF": _parse_datediff,
425            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _parse_datediff,
426            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": _parse_timestamp_from_parts,
427            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": _parse_timestamp_from_parts,
428            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _parse_to_timestamp,
429            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
430            "ZEROIFNULL": _zeroifnull_to_if,
431        }
432
433        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
434            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
435            "DATE_PART": _parse_date_part,
436            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
437        }
438        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
439
440        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
441
442        RANGE_PARSERS = {
443            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
444            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
445            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
446            TokenType.COLON: _parse_colon_get_path,
447        }
448
449        ALTER_PARSERS = {
450            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
451            "SET": lambda self: self._parse_set(tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG")),
452            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
453                exp.Set,
454                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
455                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
456                unset=True,
457            ),
458            "SWAP": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_swap(),
459        }
460
461        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
462            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
463            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
464        }
465
466        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
467            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
468            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location(),
469        }
470
471        SHOW_PARSERS = {
472            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
473            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
474            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
475            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
476            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
477            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
478            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
479            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
480            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
481        }
482
483        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
484            TokenType.DOT,
485            TokenType.MOD,
486            TokenType.SLASH,
487        }
488
489        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
490
491        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
492            if is_map:
493                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
494                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
495                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
496                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
497
498            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_conjunction(), explicit=True))
499
500        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
501            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
502            if not lateral:
503                return lateral
504
505            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
506                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
507                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
508                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
509                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
510                elif not table_alias:
511                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
512
513            return lateral
514
515        def _parse_at_before(self, table: exp.Table) -> exp.Table:
516            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/constructs/at-before
517            index = self._index
518            if self._match_texts(("AT", "BEFORE")):
519                this = self._prev.text.upper()
520                kind = (
521                    self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
522                    and self._match_texts(self.HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND)
523                    and self._prev.text.upper()
524                )
525                expression = self._match(TokenType.FARROW) and self._parse_bitwise()
526
527                if expression:
528                    self._match_r_paren()
529                    when = self.expression(
530                        exp.HistoricalData, this=this, kind=kind, expression=expression
531                    )
532                    table.set("when", when)
533                else:
534                    self._retreat(index)
535
536            return table
537
538        def _parse_table_parts(
539            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False
540        ) -> exp.Table:
541            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
542            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
543                table = self._parse_string()
544            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
545                table = self._parse_location_path()
546            else:
547                table = None
548
549            if table:
550                file_format = None
551                pattern = None
552
553                self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
554                while self._curr and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
555                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
556                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
557                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
558                        )
559                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
560                        pattern = self._parse_string()
561                    else:
562                        break
563
564                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
565
566                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
567            else:
568                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
569
570            return self._parse_at_before(table)
571
572        def _parse_id_var(
573            self,
574            any_token: bool = True,
575            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
576        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
577            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
578                identifier = (
579                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
580                    or self._parse_string()
581                )
582                self._match_r_paren()
583                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
584
585            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
586
587        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
588            scope = None
589            scope_kind = None
590
591            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
592            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
593            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
594
595            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
596
597            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
598
599            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
600                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
601                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
602                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
603                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
604                    if self._curr:
605                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
606                elif self._curr:
607                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in ("OBJECTS", "TABLES") else "TABLE"
608                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
609
610            return self.expression(
611                exp.Show,
612                **{
613                    "terse": terse,
614                    "this": this,
615                    "history": history,
616                    "like": like,
617                    "scope": scope,
618                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
619                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
620                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
621                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
622                },
623            )
624
625        def _parse_alter_table_swap(self) -> exp.SwapTable:
626            self._match_text_seq("WITH")
627            return self.expression(exp.SwapTable, this=self._parse_table(schema=True))
628
629        def _parse_location(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
630            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
631            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
632
633        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
634            parts = [self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)]
635
636            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
637            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator.
638            while self._is_connected() and not self._match(TokenType.COMMA, advance=False):
639                parts.append(self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True))
640
641            return exp.var("".join(part.text for part in parts if part))

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

Arguments:
  • error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
  • error_message_context: Determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
  • max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>}
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <function _parse_datediff>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function _date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function parse_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._parser>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function parse_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._parser>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function parse_logarithm>, 'LOG10': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log10'>>, 'LOG2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log2'>>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function _parse_regexp_replace>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <function _parse_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <function _parse_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <function _parse_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function parse_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function parse_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._parser>, 'LIKE': <function parse_like>, 'ARRAYAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'BITXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BIT_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BOOLXOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function _parse_convert_timezone>, 'DATEADD': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DIV0': <function _div0_to_if>, 'GET_PATH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'IFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'LISTAGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'NULLIFZERO': <function _nullifzero_to_if>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT': <function _parse_object_construct>, 'REGEXP_SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'RLIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SQUARE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMEDIFF': <function _parse_datediff>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP': <function _parse_to_timestamp>, 'TO_VARCHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'ZEROIFNULL': <function _zeroifnull_to_if>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'ANY_VALUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_PART': <function _parse_date_part>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
TIMESTAMPS = {<TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>: <function _parse_colon_get_path>}
ALTER_PARSERS = {'ADD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALTER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DELETE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DROP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RENAME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNSET': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SWAP': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INHERITS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
SHOW_PARSERS = {'SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'COLUMNS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>}
STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>}
FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ['SEQ', 'KEY', 'PATH', 'INDEX', 'VALUE', 'THIS']
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'TERSE': {'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'COLUMNS': {0: True}}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
Inherited Members
sqlglot.parser.Parser
Parser
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
TYPE_TOKENS
SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
RESERVED_TOKENS
DB_CREATABLES
CREATABLES
ID_VAR_TOKENS
INTERVAL_VARS
COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
TRIM_TYPES
FUNC_TOKENS
CONJUNCTION
EQUALITY
COMPARISON
BITWISE
TERM
FACTOR
EXPONENT
TIMES
SET_OPERATIONS
JOIN_METHODS
JOIN_SIDES
JOIN_KINDS
JOIN_HINTS
LAMBDAS
COLUMN_OPERATORS
EXPRESSION_PARSERS
UNARY_PARSERS
PRIMARY_PARSERS
PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
SET_PARSERS
TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
MODIFIABLES
DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
TRANSACTION_KIND
TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
CLONE_KEYWORDS
HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
WINDOW_SIDES
JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
FETCH_TOKENS
ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
DISTINCT_TOKENS
NULL_TOKENS
UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
STRICT_CAST
PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
TABLESAMPLE_CSV
SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
STRING_ALIASES
MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_UNION
UNION_MODIFIERS
NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
error_level
error_message_context
max_errors
dialect
reset
parse
parse_into
check_errors
raise_error
expression
validate_expression
errors
sql
class Snowflake.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer):
643    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
644        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
645        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
646        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
647        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
648
649        KEYWORDS = {
650            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
651            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
652            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
653            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
654            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
655            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
656            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
657            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
658            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
659            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
660            "PUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
661            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
662            "RENAME": TokenType.REPLACE,
663            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
664            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
665            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
666            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
667            "TIMESTAMP_LTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ,
668            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
669            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
670            "TIMESTAMPNTZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
671            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
672        }
673
674        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
675            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
676            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
677        }
678
679        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
680
681        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\', "'"]
HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
RAW_STRINGS = ['$$']
COMMENTS = ['--', '//', ('/*', '*/')]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'BYTEINT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'EXCLUDE': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'ILIKE ANY': <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>, 'LIKE ANY': <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'NCHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'PUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'REMOVE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'SAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'SQL_DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'SQL_VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMP_TZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>}
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 'L_PAREN'>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 'R_PAREN'>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 'L_BRACKET'>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 'R_BRACKET'>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 'L_BRACE'>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 'R_BRACE'>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 'AMP'>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 'CARET'>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 'COMMA'>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 'DASH'>, '=': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 'GT'>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 'LT'>, '%': <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, '!': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 'PIPE'>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 'PLUS'>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 'BACKSLASH'>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 'STAR'>, '~': <TokenType.TILDA: 'TILDA'>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>, "'": <TokenType.QUOTE: 'QUOTE'>, '`': <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, '"': <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, '#': <TokenType.HASH: 'HASH'>, '$': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>}
VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {'$'}
COMMANDS = {<TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>}
class Snowflake.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator):
683    class Generator(generator.Generator):
684        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
685        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
686        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
687        JOIN_HINTS = False
688        TABLE_HINTS = False
689        QUERY_HINTS = False
690        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
691        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
692        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
693        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
694        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
695        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
696
697        TRANSFORMS = {
698            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
699            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
700            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
701            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
702            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("ARRAY_CAT"),
703            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
704            exp.ArrayJoin: rename_func("ARRAY_TO_STRING"),
705            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
706                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
707            ),
708            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
709            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
710            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
711            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
712            exp.DataType: _datatype_sql,
713            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
714            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
715            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
716            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
717            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
718            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
719                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
720            ),
721            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
722                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
723            ),
724            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("LISTAGG"),
725            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
726            exp.JSONExtract: rename_func("GET_PATH"),
727            exp.JSONExtractScalar: rename_func("JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT"),
728            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
729            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
730            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
731            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
732            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
733            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
734            exp.Min: min_or_least,
735            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
736            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
737                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
738            ),
739            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
740                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
741            ),
742            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_unpivot_columns]),
743            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
744            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
745            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
746                [
747                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
748                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
749                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
750                ]
751            ),
752            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
753            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
754            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
755            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func(
756                "POSITION", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position")
757            ),
758            exp.StrToTime: lambda self,
759            e: f"TO_TIMESTAMP({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.format_time(e)})",
760            exp.Struct: lambda self, e: self.func(
761                "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT",
762                *(arg for expression in e.expressions for arg in expression.flatten()),
763            ),
764            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
765            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
766                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
767            ),
768            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql,
769            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
770            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
771                "TO_CHAR", exp.cast(e.this, "timestamp"), self.format_time(e)
772            ),
773            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
774            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
775            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
776            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func("TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
777            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
778            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
779            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
780            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
781            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
782            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
783        }
784
785        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
786            exp.JSONPathKey,
787            exp.JSONPathRoot,
788            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
789        }
790
791        TYPE_MAPPING = {
792            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
793            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "TIMESTAMPNTZ",
794        }
795
796        STAR_MAPPING = {
797            "except": "EXCLUDE",
798            "replace": "RENAME",
799        }
800
801        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
802            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
803            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
804            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
805        }
806
807        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
808            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
809            if milli is not None:
810                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
811                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
812
813            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
814
815        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
816            value = expression.this
817
818            if value.type is None:
819                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
820
821                value = annotate_types(value)
822
823            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
824                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
825
826            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
827            return self.cast_sql(expression)
828
829        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
830            if not expression.expression:
831                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
832
833            return super().log_sql(expression)
834
835        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
836            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
837            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
838
839            columns = [
840                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
841                exp.to_identifier("key"),
842                exp.to_identifier("path"),
843                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
844                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
845                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
846                exp.to_identifier("this"),
847            ]
848
849            if unnest_alias:
850                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
851            else:
852                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
853
854            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
855            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
856            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
857            return f"{explode}{alias}"
858
859        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
860            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
861            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
862            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
863            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
864
865            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
866            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
867
868            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
869            if scope_kind:
870                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
871
872            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
873            if starts_with:
874                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
875
876            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
877
878            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
879            if from_:
880                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
881
882            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
883
884        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
885            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
886            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
887            group = expression.args.get("group")
888            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
889            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
890            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
891
892            return self.func(
893                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
894                expression.this,
895                expression.expression,
896                position,
897                occurrence,
898                parameters,
899                group,
900            )
901
902        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
903            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
904                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
905            return super().except_op(expression)
906
907        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
908            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
909                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
910            return super().intersect_op(expression)
911
912        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
913            # Default to table if kind is unknown
914            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
915            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
916            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
917            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
918            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
919            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
920
921        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
922            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
923        ) -> str:
924            start = expression.args.get("start")
925            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
926            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
927            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
928            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
929
930        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
931            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
932            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
933
934        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
935            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")
936
937        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
938            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

Arguments:
  • pretty: Whether or not to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
  • identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
  • normalize: Whether or not to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
  • pad: Determines the pad size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
  • indent: Determines the indentation size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
  • normalize_functions: Whether or not to normalize all function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
  • unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
  • max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
  • leading_comma: Determines whether or not the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
  • max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
  • comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True
PARAMETER_TOKEN = '$'
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ','
INSERT_OVERWRITE = ' OVERWRITE INTO'
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CheckColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function inline_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataType'>: <function _datatype_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function _regexpilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'}
STAR_MAPPING = {'except': 'EXCLUDE', 'replace': 'RENAME'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
807        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
808            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
809            if milli is not None:
810                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
811                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
812
813            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str:
815        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
816            value = expression.this
817
818            if value.type is None:
819                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
820
821                value = annotate_types(value)
822
823            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
824                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
825
826            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
827            return self.cast_sql(expression)
def log_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Log) -> str:
829        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
830            if not expression.expression:
831                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
832
833            return super().log_sql(expression)
def unnest_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str:
835        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
836            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
837            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
838
839            columns = [
840                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
841                exp.to_identifier("key"),
842                exp.to_identifier("path"),
843                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
844                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
845                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
846                exp.to_identifier("this"),
847            ]
848
849            if unnest_alias:
850                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
851            else:
852                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
853
854            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN(INPUT => {self.sql(expression.expressions[0])}))"
855            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
856            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
857            return f"{explode}{alias}"
def show_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Show) -> str:
859        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
860            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
861            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
862            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
863            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
864
865            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
866            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
867
868            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
869            if scope_kind:
870                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
871
872            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
873            if starts_with:
874                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
875
876            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
877
878            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
879            if from_:
880                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
881
882            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}"
def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract) -> str:
884        def regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract) -> str:
885            # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
886            # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
887            group = expression.args.get("group")
888            parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
889            occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
890            position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
891
892            return self.func(
893                "REGEXP_SUBSTR",
894                expression.this,
895                expression.expression,
896                position,
897                occurrence,
898                parameters,
899                group,
900            )
def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except) -> str:
902        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
903            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
904                self.unsupported("EXCEPT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
905            return super().except_op(expression)
def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect) -> str:
907        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
908            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
909                self.unsupported("INTERSECT with All is not supported in Snowflake")
910            return super().intersect_op(expression)
def describe_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Describe) -> str:
912        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
913            # Default to table if kind is unknown
914            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
915            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
916            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
917            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
918            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
919            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint) -> str:
921        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
922            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
923        ) -> str:
924            start = expression.args.get("start")
925            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
926            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
927            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
928            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
def swaptable_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable) -> str:
930        def swaptable_sql(self, expression: exp.SwapTable) -> str:
931            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
932            return f"SWAP WITH {this}"
def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str:
934        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
935            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.seg(""), sep=" ")
def cluster_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Cluster) -> str:
937        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
938            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
Inherited Members
sqlglot.generator.Generator
Generator
NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
EXPLICIT_UNION
WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
LIMIT_FETCH
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
GROUPINGS_SEP
INDEX_ON
QUERY_HINT_SEP
IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
LIMIT_IS_TOP
RETURNING_END
COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
NVL2_SUPPORTED
VALUES_AS_TABLE
ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
ENSURE_BOOLS
CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA
JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
TIME_PART_SINGULARS
TOKEN_MAPPING
STRUCT_DELIMITER
RESERVED_KEYWORDS
WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
pretty
identify
normalize
pad
unsupported_level
max_unsupported
leading_comma
max_text_width
comments
dialect
normalize_functions
unsupported_messages
generate
preprocess
unsupported
sep
seg
pad_comment
maybe_comment
wrap
no_identify
normalize_func
indent
sql
uncache_sql
cache_sql
characterset_sql
column_sql
columnposition_sql
columndef_sql
columnconstraint_sql
computedcolumnconstraint_sql
autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
compresscolumnconstraint_sql
generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
transformcolumnconstraint_sql
primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
createable_sql
create_sql
clone_sql
heredoc_sql
prepend_ctes
with_sql
cte_sql
tablealias_sql
bitstring_sql
hexstring_sql
bytestring_sql
unicodestring_sql
rawstring_sql
datatypeparam_sql
datatype_sql
directory_sql
delete_sql
drop_sql
except_sql
fetch_sql
filter_sql
hint_sql
index_sql
identifier_sql
inputoutputformat_sql
national_sql
partition_sql
properties_sql
root_properties
properties
locate_properties
property_name
property_sql
likeproperty_sql
fallbackproperty_sql
journalproperty_sql
freespaceproperty_sql
checksumproperty_sql
mergeblockratioproperty_sql
datablocksizeproperty_sql
blockcompressionproperty_sql
isolatedloadingproperty_sql
partitionboundspec_sql
partitionedofproperty_sql
lockingproperty_sql
withdataproperty_sql
withsystemversioningproperty_sql
insert_sql
intersect_sql
introducer_sql
kill_sql
pseudotype_sql
objectidentifier_sql
onconflict_sql
returning_sql
rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
withtablehint_sql
indextablehint_sql
historicaldata_sql
table_sql
tablesample_sql
pivot_sql
version_sql
tuple_sql
update_sql
values_sql
var_sql
into_sql
from_sql
group_sql
having_sql
connect_sql
prior_sql
join_sql
lambda_sql
lateral_op
lateral_sql
limit_sql
offset_sql
setitem_sql
set_sql
pragma_sql
lock_sql
literal_sql
escape_str
loaddata_sql
null_sql
boolean_sql
order_sql
withfill_sql
distribute_sql
sort_sql
ordered_sql
matchrecognize_sql
query_modifiers
offset_limit_modifiers
after_having_modifiers
after_limit_modifiers
select_sql
schema_sql
schema_columns_sql
star_sql
parameter_sql
sessionparameter_sql
placeholder_sql
subquery_sql
qualify_sql
union_sql
union_op
where_sql
window_sql
partition_by_sql
windowspec_sql
withingroup_sql
between_sql
bracket_sql
all_sql
any_sql
exists_sql
case_sql
constraint_sql
nextvaluefor_sql
extract_sql
trim_sql
convert_concat_args
concat_sql
concatws_sql
check_sql
foreignkey_sql
primarykey_sql
if_sql
matchagainst_sql
jsonkeyvalue_sql
jsonpath_sql
json_path_part
formatjson_sql
jsonobject_sql
jsonobjectagg_sql
jsonarray_sql
jsonarrayagg_sql
jsoncolumndef_sql
jsonschema_sql
jsontable_sql
openjsoncolumndef_sql
openjson_sql
in_sql
in_unnest_op
interval_sql
return_sql
reference_sql
anonymous_sql
paren_sql
neg_sql
not_sql
alias_sql
pivotalias_sql
aliases_sql
atindex_sql
attimezone_sql
fromtimezone_sql
add_sql
and_sql
xor_sql
connector_sql
bitwiseand_sql
bitwiseleftshift_sql
bitwisenot_sql
bitwiseor_sql
bitwiserightshift_sql
bitwisexor_sql
cast_sql
currentdate_sql
currenttimestamp_sql
collate_sql
command_sql
comment_sql
mergetreettlaction_sql
mergetreettl_sql
transaction_sql
commit_sql
rollback_sql
altercolumn_sql
renametable_sql
renamecolumn_sql
altertable_sql
add_column_sql
droppartition_sql
addconstraint_sql
distinct_sql
ignorenulls_sql
respectnulls_sql
intdiv_sql
dpipe_sql
div_sql
overlaps_sql
distance_sql
dot_sql
eq_sql
propertyeq_sql
escape_sql
glob_sql
gt_sql
gte_sql
ilike_sql
ilikeany_sql
is_sql
like_sql
likeany_sql
similarto_sql
lt_sql
lte_sql
mod_sql
mul_sql
neq_sql
nullsafeeq_sql
nullsafeneq_sql
or_sql
slice_sql
sub_sql
use_sql
binary
function_fallback_sql
func
format_args
text_width
format_time
expressions
op_expressions
naked_property
set_operation
tag_sql
token_sql
userdefinedfunction_sql
joinhint_sql
kwarg_sql
when_sql
merge_sql
tochar_sql
dictproperty_sql
dictrange_sql
dictsubproperty_sql
oncluster_sql
clusteredbyproperty_sql
anyvalue_sql
querytransform_sql
indexconstraintoption_sql
indexcolumnconstraint_sql
nvl2_sql
comprehension_sql
columnprefix_sql
opclass_sql
predict_sql
forin_sql
refresh_sql
operator_sql
toarray_sql
tsordstotime_sql
tsordstodate_sql
unixdate_sql
lastday_sql